This article reviews the traditional uses of E. tirucalli. This succulent latex plant, although originating from southern Africa, is now growing as a hedge plant in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. Its special chemical properties have induced people to use it as a source of poison against bacteria, amoebas, nematodes, insects, fish, birds and mammals. Its medicinal use has also been recorded in a wide variety of settings. In a few cases, the latex has been used for the production of varnish and paint.