La littérature, entre livre et périodique (19e–21e siècles)/Literature between Books and Periodicals (19th–21st Centuries)
Abstract
Il est habituellement entendu que la littérature est destinée à la publication en livre, qui seule confèrerait à l’auteur sa vraie légitimité. Or cette vision traditionnelle fausse la réalité historique: non seulement une masse écrasante de textes ‘littéraires’ est publiée exclusivement dans les périodiques, mais, dans le cas spécifique de la France, la presse reste pendant la plus grande part du 19e siècle le mode privilégié de publication. Même si, dans les premières décennies du 20e siècle, les relations vont se rééquilibrer entre le périodique et le non-périodique, cette hégémonie provisoire du périodique dans la communication littéraire joue un rôle déterminant dans l’émergence de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler la ‘modernité’: au point qu’on peut soutenir, malgré l’idée reçue, que la littérature est alors devenue, à son corps défendant, un phénomène médiatique. C’est donc une réinterprétation globale de l’histoire littéraire, considérée par le prisme des modes de publication, qui est ici esquissée, aussi bien du point de vue de ses fondements théoriques que, plus concrètement, de sa périodisation pour les 19e–21e siècles.
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It is usually understood that literary publication is intended for books, which alone would confer on the author true legitimacy. However this traditional view distorts historical reality: not only an overwhelming mass of ‘literary’ texts is published exclusively in periodicals, but also, in the specific case of France, the press remains for most of the nineteenth century the privileged mode of publication. Even though, in the first decades of the twentieth century, relations will have found a new balance between periodical and the non-periodical forms, the provisional hegemony of the periodical in literary communication plays a decisive part in the emergence of what is conventionally known as ‘modernity’: to the point that it may be argued, despite the common misconception, that literature has become, against its own will, a media phenomenon. Thus, it is a global reinterpretation of literary history that is sketched here, seen through the prism of publication modes, both from the point of view of its theoretical foundations and, more concretely, of its periodization for the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries.
Copyright (c) 2019 Alain Vaillant

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